Menstruation, or period, is a condition that begins after the age of 10 in girls with vaginal bleeding every month. This bleeding is completely normal and it means that the reproductive organs are now functional and the body has undergone a hormonal change.
After the Menstruation start, the height growth of the body decreases or stops, and other physiological development such as breast development, the hair on sexual organs, pubic hair, hair in the sides, etc. begins. Hormonal changes begin to come from pimple acne, pimples. Since the arrival of the periods, the physical relationship with any without protection can cause pregnancy. Periods continue till menopause and then stop coming.
When periods begin to come menarche and when they stop coming to menopause, both the body has a lot of hormonal changes, and periods often become irregular.
Some people feel that the blood that comes during the period is messy. But it is not correct. This blood is dark and clotted because it comes from the breakdown of the lining of the uterus. There is no filth, but if there is no proper cleanliness, there may be a problem.
Cleanliness is very important during periods. If this is not done, there is a risk of bacterial and fungal infectious diseases. With very limited or no knowledge of most women about menstruation, they do not take much care of personal hygiene. Adequate hygiene, staying away from infection, as well as for normal life is necessary. Due to a lack of knowledge, many women use their dirty cloth pads in periods that are unsafe.
What are adolescence and puberty?
Adolescence and puberty are a period of development of growing up from a child in life. At this stage, the physical, psychological, and emotional changes in the child make him an adult over time. Adolescents have weight, length, hormonal changes, and are able to reproduce in the future by developing reproductive organs. This is the time for them to bring sexual maturity.
What is the menstrual cycle?
Menstruation is known by the names of monthly, periods, menstruation, menstrual periods, seasons, AMCs, etc. It can start from 9 years to 16 years in a girl. Monthly come on menarche at once starting every month. It lasts about 50 years of age. Then the periods are closed and menopause. After menopause, there are hormonal changes in the body again. The stoppage of periods means the closure of fertility.
How many days do menstrual periods come?
- Periods come every month.
- Normally, it lasts three to seven days. How many days it is, it can be different for every girl.
- Periods count from the first day of bleeding to the first day of the next period.
- It often comes at a gap of 28 days.
- In some, it can be on 21 days and some on 45 days, which is completely normal.
- When periods begin, they are irregular and come at certain intervals only in a few months or years.
Reason for menstrual periods?
Eggs in all females with a certain number in ova. The ovary contains hundreds of eggs. Every month, due to the reproductive hormone estrogen and progesterone, the uterus is prepared for pregnancy.
Every 21-40 days an egg is extracted by the ovary. It reaches the uterus through the Ova fallopian tubes. The inner lining of the uterus, the endometrium, is prepared so that if the egg is fertilized, the implant in the uterus immediately starts to grow.
If fertilization does not occur, there is no need for this lining of the uterus because there is no fetus to nourish and protect. The level of progesterone starts to fall and the lining of the cushioned blood vessels in the uterus is broken and excluded from the vagina like menstrual secretions.
How much blood is secreted to a woman during every menstrual cycle?
Scientific studies show that on average, a woman produces 30 to 90 ml of fluid that is like blood and mucous tissue during 3-7 days of menstruation.
What is PMS?
PMS or pre-menstrual syndrome is a combination of physical or emotional symptoms that occur before the start of the monthly. This includes temporary weight gain or heaviness, pain in breasts, headache, cramps, and irritability, etc.
What are some problems with periods?
- More Bleeding Heavy periods (menorrhagia)
- Pain in periods of painful periods (dysmenorrhoea)
- Sudden closure of periods which stop (amenorrhoea)
- Irregular Menstrual Irregular Periods
What are the options available in sanitary products for menstruation?
Sanitary napkins – The most commonly used sanitary product is disposable ‘sanitary napkins’. Most napkins have an absorbent core and leak-proof barrier that holds napkins together.
Tampons – tampons are a miniature cylinder of absorbent material that can be inserted into the vagina.
Menstrual cups – These silicone cups can be placed inside the vagina to collect menstrual flow. Unlike sanitary pads or tampons, menstrual cups can be reused.
How to dispose of these sanitary products?
Sanitary pads should not be thrown into the open as it can rapidly thrive and spread the disease. They should not be flushed toilets, as plastic drains can choke. They should be wrapped in paper and thrown with garbage.
What to do if a sanitary pad is not available?
If no sanitary napkins or tampons are available, the clean cotton cloth can be used to absorb menstrual flow. The cloth should be changed from time to time depending on the flow.
Do periods hurt?
Yes, Pain and cramps are normal during periods. The intensity and duration of this pain vary from person to person. It is caused by a hormone called prostaglandin that stimulates smooth muscle contractions in which the uterus has one. The lining is broken only when the uterus is agitated.
It is more in adolescent girls. Pain and cramps often subside over time. After having a child, there is a lot of relief in period pain and discomfort.
There is no need to go to the doctor in this pain. The drug can be relaxed by hot bake or abdominal massage. In many girls, periods do not start on time. If the period does not start till the age of 16 years, you should contact the doctor.